Statistical parametric mapping was used to assess the effect of pelvis mobility on the throwing kinematics. ![]() Angular velocities were calculated to build the inter-articular sequences relative to these throws. Inverse kinematics was performed with OpenSim providing pelvis, trunk, and glenohumeral rotations. They performed 5 throws with the pelvis fixed and 5 throws with additional pelvic mobility in rotation around a vertical axis. Nineteen male players of canoe polo were equipped with reflective body markers for the throw analysis. A secondary aim was to investigate whether adding pelvis mobility has an impact. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the canoe polo throw kinematics in terms of angles and inter-articular sequencing to understand its specificity. While the kinematics of the upper body during throw has been investigated for several overhead sports, the canoe polo throw has still to be studied. 5Centre Orthopédique Santy, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Lyon, FranceĬanoe polo is an increasingly popular discipline requiring both kayaking and ball-handling skills.4Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424), Lyon, France.3Santy Paramedical Center, Lyon, France.2Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.1Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France.If its potential is confirmed in the near future, contrast harmonic imaging will become a standard practice in EUS.Najoua Assila 1,2 †, Cyril Delavallade 1,3 †, Yoann Blache 4, Christian Berger-Vachon 1, Philippe Collotte 5 ‡ and Sonia Duprey 1 * ‡ Contrast harmonic imaging is gaining popularity because of its efficacy, simplicity and non-invasive nature, and many expectations are currently resting on this technique. The development of CH-EUS has also opened up exciting possibilities in other research areas, including monitoring responses to anticancer chemotherapy or to ethanol-induced pancreatic tissue ablation, anticancer therapies based on ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery, and therapeutic adjuvants by contrast ultrasound-induced apoptosis. Even if histology remains the gold standard, the combination of CH-EUS and EUS fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) can not only render EUS more accurate but may also assist physicians in making decisions when EUS-FNA is inconclusive, increasing the yield of EUS-FNA by guiding the puncture with simultaneous imaging of the vascularity. Although the relevant experience is still preliminary, several reports have highlighted contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) as a promising noninvasive method to visualise and characterise lesions and to differentiate benign from malignant focal lesions. Thus, the evaluation of microcirculation is now feasible with EUS, prompting the evolution of contrast-enhanced EUS from vascular imaging to images of the perfused tissue. Recent technological advances made contrast harmonic technology available for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for the first time in 2008. ![]() Over the last decade, the development of stabilised microbubble contrast agents and improvements in available ultrasonic equipment, such as harmonic imaging, have enabled us to display microbubble enhancements on a greyscale with optimal contrast and spatial resolution.
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